Red Bull Essay

What markets does Red Bull endeavor to reach? How do showcasing blend components and target markets consolidate to shape the firm’s advertising technique? The advertising blend for Red Bull comprises of the accompanying: Product: Energy drink Price: $1. 99 (premium) Distribution: Across clubs and comparable outlets, mass merchandisers Marketing Communication: Word-of-mouth to TV publicizing Red Bull endeavors to arrive at fanatics, sports fans, 18 to multi year olds, ladies, just as wellbeing cognizant purchasers, and as of late age gatherings of 30 or more. Showcasing blend components and target markets join to shape Red Bull’s starting promoting system which contacts fanatics, the individuals who are into the adrenaline hurrying games and exercises. Since Red Bull is a caffeinated drink, this methodology functioned admirably. With the excellent cost and through verbal, Red Bull had the option to keep up 70 percent of the market. Be that as it may, as rivalry rose, Red Bull expected to advertise past the outrageous market and toward age bunches over multi year olds. All things considered, rivalry keeps on expanding, and now Red Bull is extending their objective market to less outrageous games lovers, for example, golf players, ladies, and wellbeing cognizant customers. By advertising toward golf players and ladies, Red Bull shows that anybody can make the most of their item and not simply male radicals. Since purchasers are turning out to be more wellbeing cognizant, Red Bull delivered their sans sugar variant for the individuals who need to watch their starches. In general, as rivalry keeps on expanding, Red Bull’s showcasing system has included objective market extension just as some item improvement and new promoting methods. . What development methodologies appear to offer the most probable open doors for what's to come? The development procedures that appear to offer the most probable open doors for Red Bull’s future are their venture into less outrageous games and the female populace. Since Red Bull is a caffeinated drink, mo st purchasers believe that its main role is to help the vitality of the individuals who are pounding it out on the field, court, or any place the activity might be. Be that as it may, Red Bull can be utilized as a straightforward shot in the arm when you’re feeling drained or simply exhausted. This can happen generally in the workplace. Via conveying a jar of Red Bull, you can support your vitality level when it appears you’re not going to endure the move. Thus, Red Bull’s introductory objective was not towards ladies. As of now, Red Bull is taking a shot at extending their item to ladies who, much the same as men, can appreciate the lift Red Bull gives you. With the extension of their objective market, alongside new publicizing methods, Red Bull can more readily advance their item and stay aware of the opposition as opposed to falling behind as they have been. 3. What moral issues are looked by the organization? The two overwhelming moral issues that are looked by Red Bull are their decision for an objective market and the utilizations for their beverage. The particular objective market being referred to is the 18 to multi year olds. Red Bull has promoted to this specific gathering since it is included to a great extent of understudies. Red Bull can be utilized to give these undergrads a jolt of energy when they have to go through the entire evening contemplating or just to have some good times. The issue, in any case, is that the caffeinated drink is loaded with caffeine and different fixings which may demonstrate destructive to the individuals who devour a lot at once. Advertisers of Red Bull understand that undergrads have a requirement for the additional increase in vitality so they have pinpointed them for utilization of their caffeinated drink. Pundits accept a lot of utilization may have destructive impacts and this has raised numerous issues concerning the beverage. The other issue is the utilization of Red Bull in mixed beverages. Concerns have risen in regards to the blend of liquor and Red Bull as a result of the perils related with it. Liquor without anyone else as of now causes various issues. On the off chance that the caffeinated drink brimming with caffeine is added to liquor, the damage could get incredible. This in itself stresses pundits of Red Bull. Not exclusively does the beverage without anyone else cause concerns, however blending liquor in with it raises much more issues. 4. As Red Bull extends to different nations, what global advertising issues must be thought of? With their worldwide development, Red Bull’s advertisers must consider the determination of a section procedure and settling on a vital direction. Red Bull must pick between three alternatives for a passage methodology: sending out, direct speculation, or joint endeavors. For key direction, Red Bull has the decision of a normalized promoting system or a tweaked advertising technique. By picking a normalized showcasing procedure, Red Bull would create and actualize a similar item, value, dissemination, and advancement in every single universal market. Then again, with a modified procedure, Red Bull would create and actualize an alternate focusing on blend for each target advertise nation. Like with any extension circumstance, Red Bull needs to contemplate the business sectors inside the worldwide nations. Because their advertising strategies work in the United States, doesn’t mean they’ll work the equivalent universally. Each nation is extraordinary. Each market section is extraordinary. For example, request and item utilization varies from advertise portion to showcase fragment. Red Bull should likewise consider government guidelines and laws as they contrast from nation to nation. That, however Red Bull needs to acknowledge contrasts in customer standards of conduct just as rivalry. As Red Bull intends to grow worldwide, there are numerous angles they should consider before doing as such. On the off chance that Red Bull needs to be effective, they should invest an enormous measure of energy exploring all the worldwide markets so as to turn out to be increasingly mindful of each portions needs and wants.

Cubas Government before Communism Research Paper

Cubas Government before Communism - Research Paper Example A few people accepted that to advance data that displays that pre-Castro Cuba was precisely a developing nation was a method of legitimizing the activities of Batista. Actually Cuban headway of the period was essentially as an outcome of the endeavors enjoyed every one of these parts of the country, as it denoted the 57th long periods of the republic. In the year 1950, two years before Batista’s were conceded the subsequent believability to control. It was lucky as the Cuban Peso has a similar fiscal incentive as the U.S dollar. Given proposal not just by the approved press inside the island, and furthermore by Radio Havana Cuba, a nationalized-run radio broadcast that transfers data all around in different dialects, and by the approved data association Prensa Latina, the development made remarkable unmistakable quality on the monetary misfortune and wretchedness under which the island hypothetically lived. The crusade made excellent accentuation on the financial wretchedness under, which the island theoretically lived, and on the monetary control that the United States had practiced over it. This segment of the battle was intended to help approve the continuation of a socialist writer, whose objectives and desire helped him to redesign the profound changes in the country. These social remodels were named as things of lessening destitution (Urlich, 99). The individuals who put stock in the Castroism purposeful publicity had a portrayal that Cuba was a country with a 40%literacy level, inside the voracious hands of worldwide US Corporation controlling each part of the national economy. Cuba was a nation that had no enough specialists, laborers of ranchers, because of the elevated level of repetition, and with places of prostitution and gaming gambling clubs on each corner. Cuba was an immature nation and its assets disseminated similarly among all the individuals (Urlich, 100).â

Core Competencies

Core Competencies Importance of core competences We are going to explain the concept of core competency in this article and how to generate a competitive advantage  for a company. This article will also tell you what contemporary views on core competencies do exist. We will provide a summary of a few cases and studies to describe the complexities of the concept.The term core competency was coined by Dr.C.K Prahalad and Prof. Gray Hamel in 1989. They took examples of various Japanese firms and compared them with their American counterpart. Competence based strategy is the part of an overall strategy that is concerned with integrating technology, know-how (including patents), value and culture in order to create a set of competencies that unfolds superior value for customers and thereby support the product-market strategy of the firmWe should think of the organization as a small sapling which after nourishment develops into a strong tree with core competences as its trunk. This core competency trunk helps in growing branches of diffe rent businesses and then these businesses grow products as fruit. The following graphic pictures this very well. © Shutterstock.com | Creativa ImagesSadly, a lot of companies around the world are not too well versed with the concept of core competencies or fail to recognize actual competencies which may help them with long term.Importance of core competencesCore competencies are the collective learning of the organization, especially how to co-ordinate the diverse production skill and integrate multiple stream of technologies. A company, if it has identified its core competencies, will be capable of creating more value. Core competences must coalesce around individuals working in the organization. These people should recognize their effort in building and strengthening these core competencies. © Entrepreneurial InsightsUnlike physical assets, which do deteriorate over time, competences are enhanced as applied and share across the organization. The competences act as the glue which bind businesses together as well as pave the way for new business development. In other words core competences of a business are also guiding parameters for new markets and diversification.Strategic intentThe process of developing core competencies starts with the strategic intent of being a leader in the market by leveraging the resources. This thought of being a leader in the market is called strategic intent. This concept points out to identifying various opportunity gaps. It is an obsession with writing a competitive agenda, for a long period of time, which is shared with the whole organization.Strategic intent provides a basis for stretching the goals of the organization with barrier breaking initiatives.Framework for leverage (strategic architecture)The next stage towards developing the co re competencies is to leverage the current resources of the organization. This stage is known a developing the strategic architecture. Strategic architecture is a roadmap which predicts what core competencies to build and which related technologies are needed. This step requires the distillation of past and present data to answer the following questions:Change in customer interferenceNew technological possibilitiesCompetitor’s positioningCurrent and future set up of the industryThis exercise allows managers to maintain consistency in their efforts and provides logic for managing linkages across business units. It is helpful in more than one way. Apart from being a useful tool for managing innovation, it also helps in identifying alliances and acquisitions of strategic importance. Internally, this helps the lower management to allocate resources and upper management to keep focus. Leveraging resources and thereafter the development of core competencies requires investment in three different things:a) Technologyb) Governance processc) Collective learningCompanies should invest in all three of them. If not, then you will hamper the development of core competencies. Thus, a company should invest in good governance and learning environment and not just technology.Identifying core competenciesCore competencies play an important role in the process of leverage.   We can identify them using three simple tests:Does the trait provide a major competitive differentiation? Does it provide a unique value proposition to the organization?Does the trait cover a lot of business or is useful only for a single business unit? Is it useful only for current business or for new ones too?Is it hard for competitors to imitate?Core competencies extend to the whole organization, and are part of tactical learning at the same time. We should not confuse a core competence with a core technology. A technology / technical capabilities is complete in itself while a core competence is embedde d inside the organization. Without one another it can’t exist. We should also differentiate between core competencies and core capabilities before moving forward. Core capabilities are crucial for survival but, unlike a core competency, does not confer any specific differential advantage over other competitors in the industry.Importance of core competenciesThe most important advantage of having core competencies is having a long term competitive advantage. These competencies help in bridging the gap between performance and opportunity, thus helping a company in being a potential leader in the industry. By linking traditional business to products and service of the future, the company acquires greater opportunity for success. This also helps in activation of the company by acting as a guideline for diversification.Core competencies are also an indicator that resources are being used in the right places in the right amount. An organization should focus on outsourcing all non-core ac tivities which will streamline the operations to encourage learning environment congruent to their competencies.Core competencies also help in the development of core products. They should have access to all the primary component of a complex product which can help in long term foothold in that particular industry. This complex product can then be used to create a pipeline of products.Core competencies are meaningful if they are related to an attribute valued by the market. Customers need to perceive a consistent difference in important attributes between the producer’s products or services and those of its competitors. Intel particularly uses this. Their core competence lies in developing an array of microprocessors in very short time. With the proved attribute of speed and quality against other competitors, this core competency provides a distinctive competitive advantage.Last but not least, core competencies make a company focus on extensive RD.Losing core competenciesCompanies , especially big ones, have to be really careful when outsourcing a product or service to a different organization while looking to cut cost. In the past, Chrysler has viewed engines in cars as just another component which was outsourced to various Japanese companies. Outsourcing is thus a two bladed sword if not handled properly. While outsourcing can give a short term competitive advantage, it typically contributes very little to developing people skills which help in building core competency.Sometimes lack of forecasting the state of the market and lack of a clear framework can make companies forsake attractive opportunities. It often arises from a lack of clear insight in the core product and the core competencies of a business. It is super important to recognize the importance of core competencies in entering an emerging market.Case studiesMultiple examples from around the world can be cited in support of the concept of core competencies:NEC asserts that they use 18% of their e arnings for RD. NEC of Japan investigates its core competencies every 5 years. With a spending of 18% in RD they have a boastful array of 36 core techniques in total.Apple as an organization developed products which are rich in design and user experience. This gave them a distinguished brand image in the market, which stands even now in the face of multiple competitors. Apple products are sold with high margins.3M as a company is a perfect example of commitment to developing core competencies. It has a range of diversified products which include post-it notes, magnetic tapes, photographic film, pressure sensitive tapes and coated abrasives. These all have quite different production technologies, end-consumers, and channel of distribution. All this is connected with a few competencies in substrates, coatings, and adhesives and a culture which was developed internally during its years of operations.Canon cornered the copier market in 1990s by investing a lot in core competencies. Befo re PC copiers became available in 1982, copying was done on a departmental basis within companies and through commercial copy centers. Copy centers served a range of copying needs, from small copying jobs to large, high speed/high volume projects involving document preparation. Satisfaction of copying needs depend on a copier’s price, quality, performance, features, maintenance, and after-sales support. Those factors became the basis for defining various market segments. The most profitable segment was of course the large volume one in which Xerox was the market leader. Thus a gap existed between the companies’ performance and the opportunity in terms of small volume copier market.   In other words companies around the world were placing a high value on getting a small, relatively inexpensive personal copier and thus an easy-to-use, durable, low priced, and maintenance-free small copier awaited innovation. Canon approached the problem by assembling a task force of 200 people and developed a series of core products; disposable cartridges, instant toner fusers, and other components to decrease the size as well as the cost. Thus, an entirely new product was born which was reliable and required less servicing. This product was developed and launched in less than 3 years, which really put Canon towards becoming a competent player in printer technology.A hospital in Singapore, Mount Elizabeth Hospital, is well known for organ transplantations. That is the core competency of this hospital. This hospital may as well have doctors and nurses from various countries to create a multi-ethnic workforce for better communication with a better patient management. That would be their core competencyArguments and examples against core competency?Prahalad’s paper in 1990 was in many ways ground breaking. This concept changed the paradigm of strategic consulting. The whole western management shifted from the rigid strategic guideline of Michael Porter to a more fluid strateg ic intent. However two decades after the introduction of this concept we are shifting again. The market now is much more dynamic in the presence of rapidly changing markets and user needs. China’s low cost manufacturing and research capabilities can wreak on any manufacturing organizations worldwide.Changing consumer needs are making companies take help of smaller and design companies even for their core products. For example, Apple bought SIRI and Nike taking help of Apple in creating a digital experience for its customers. Netflix, though their core competency is said to be content delivery, but they are now venturing into original content creation too.In my opinion, these examples can’t be taken as argument against core competencies keeping in mind the short term time horizon they are being applied to.End notesCore competency is a fairly hard concept to grasp. The resources and patience required for the development of even a single competency is huge. A strategic mindset and focus on achieving a long term global leadership is important to develop a strategic intent.We think our readers should kind in mind one thing. Core competencies are needed to develop a global leadership and long term competitive advantages. A company may be highly profitable even without developing a core competency, but only for a short period of time.

Robert Frosts Acquainted With the Night

Robert Frost, the quintessential New England poet, was actually born thousands of miles away in San Francisco. When he was very young, his father died and his mother moved with him and his sister to Lawrence, Massachusetts, and it was there where his roots in New England were first planted. He went to school at Dartmouth and Harvard universities but did not earn a degree and then worked as a teacher and editor. He and his wife went to England in 1912, and there Frost connected with Ezra Pound, who helped Frost get his work published. In 1915 Frost  returned to the U.S. with two published volumes under his belt and an established following. The poet Daniel Hoffman wrote in 1970 in a review of The Poetry of Robert Frost:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"He became a national celebrity, our nearly official poet laureate, and a great performer in the tradition of that earlier master of the literary vernacular, Mark Twain.† Frost read his poem The Gift Outright at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in January 1961 at the request of Kennedy. A Terza Rima Sonnet Robert Frost wrote a number of  sonnets —examples include Mowing and â€Å"The Oven Bird.†   These poems are called sonnets because they have 14 lines of iambic pentameter and a rhyme scheme, but they do not exactly conform to the traditional octet-sestet structure of the Petrarchan sonnet or the three-quatrains-and-a-couplet shape of the Shakespearean sonnet. â€Å"Acquainted With the Night† is an interesting variation among Frost’s sonnet-type poems because it is written in terza rima—four three-line stanzas rhymed aba bcb cdc dad, with a closing couplet rhymed aa. Urban Loneliness Acquainted With the Night† stands out among Frost’s poems because it is a poem of city solitude. Unlike his pastoral poems, which speak to us through images of the natural world, this poem has an urban setting: â€Å"I have looked down the saddest city lane...... an interrupted cryCame over houses from another street...† Even the moon is described as if it were a part of the manmade city environment: â€Å"... at an unearthly height,One luminary clock against the sky...† And unlike his dramatic narratives, which tease out the meanings in encounters among multiple characters, this poem is a soliloquy, spoken by a single lonely voice, a man who is quite alone and encounters only the darkness of night. What Is the Night? You might say â€Å"the night† in this poem is the speaker’s loneliness and isolation. You might say it is depression. Or knowing that Frost often wrote of tramps or bums, you might say it represents their homelessness, like Frank Lentricchia, who called the poem â€Å" Frost’s quintessential dramatic lyric of homelessness.† The poem uses the two lines forward/one line back form of terza rima to realize the sad, aimless gait of the hobo who has â€Å"outwalked the furthest city light† into the lonely darkness.

Jackie Robinson - the Hero of Baseball - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1498 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Sports Essay Level High school Topics: Baseball Essay Did you like this example? The film 42 was released in 2013, it is a sports film written and directed by Brian Helgeland about the race segregation and the first African American baseball player Jackie Robinson. It is the PG-13 film. In the paper, I will analyse how film 42 depicts the racial difficulties Jackie Robinson faced during the baseball league and how the negative environment changed to the positive. Due to the increment of black baseball fans, the manager of Brooklyn Dodgers Branch Rickey (Harrison Ford) decided to sign a black baseball player Jackie Robinson (Chadwick Boseman) to make money for him. However, many people around him warned him that he was breaking the rules that no black can play with white. But Branch Rickey still signed Jackie Robinson, he did not noticed these oppose noise. At the beginning of the season, the players in Brooklyn Dodgers refused to play with Jackie Robinson even Jackie showed great talent, because Jackie was black. Branch Rickey was still supported Jackie Robinson, he even would traded the players who did not want to play with Jackie Robinson. During the season, lots of negative news and dirty words throwed to Jackie Robinson, but Jackie Robinson did not give up and replied. Jackie showed true courage and admirable restraint by not reacting the open Racism from outsides. As the time changed, most of the players in Brooklyn Dodgers started to ch ange their views on Jackie Robinson. They were admired by Jackies patient and talent, and started to stand up for him when the audiences and other players said and did some dirty words and actions on Jackie. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Jackie Robinson the Hero of Baseball" essay for you Create order When Dodgers played against Phillies during the mid of the season, the coach of Phillies Ben Chapman used a lot of dirty and racist words on Jackie Robinson. Ben Chapman did show that how most people react to when a black baseball player plays in the Major League Baseball. Jackie was very angry but he did not do anything, he just walked back to the bench and sat there. Branch Rickey saw that and heard what Ben Chapman said from stand, he said to his secretary Clayde: Its all right. He can take it. God built him to last. (Film 42) When Jackie Robinson stood on the batting area again, Ben Chapman started to be more emotional and kept saying more racist words to Jackie Robinson. Jackie did not hit the ball well, and he just walked out the field into the tunnel. Ben Chapman shouted at his back: Why dontcha look in a mirror? This is a white mans game! (Film 42) It really showed the stereotypes on African Americans, and how stereotypes affect the perception of athletes. The law had been e liminated discrimination against black people long time ago, however, the conceptual discrimination and cultural discrimination against black people were still existed. During the preseason games, Jackie Robinson successful stole the bases and ran to the home to score. Then the police on the field came and told Jackie to get off the field. The coach of the team came and asked why the police wanted to chase Jackie out of the field, the police relied: Because it against the law. Nxxxxx do not play with white boys. Now you get off the field, or go to the jail. We do not allow nxxxxx mix with white boys in this city. (Film 42) The discrimination on blacks still exist, it showed that most people could not accept black players to play in the Major League Baseball. It showed how people react when Branch Rickey decided to sign a black player. His secretary Clayde asked: With all due respect, sir, have you lost your mind? Think about the abuse that you are gonna take from the newspapers, let alone how this is gonna play out in flatbush? No law against it, Clyde. No, but theres a code, You break a law and get away with it, some people think youre smart. You break an unwritten law, youll be an outcast. (Film 42) Most people around Branch Rickey warned him about the media abuse and peoples react, but Branch Rickey did not listen to anyone else. Branch Rickey adhered to his opinion and he found out Jackie Robinson. When he first time met Jackie Robinson, he he was very rude and despise to ask Jackie Robinson if Jackie can control his temper when he faced the anger and the vitriol from others. Jackie replied: You want a player who doesnt have the guts to fight back? No. No. I want a player whos got the guts not to fight back. You gotta have the guts .. to turn the other cheek. Give me a uniform, give me a number on my back, I will give you the guts. (Film 42) Jackie Robinson successfully signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers, however, everytime when Jackie showed up in the stadium, the buzzing and racist words started to throw at Jackie in all directions. The players in Dodgers were very offended when Branch Rickey signed Jackie Robinson. They decided to write a letter to Branch Rickey with all of the players names on it about they did not want to player with Jackie Robinson and Branch Rickey told them if they did not want to play with Jackie Robinson, he would trade them to other teams. Although, the audiences in the stadium, the players in the team and people from outside talked and did very disrespectful, racist words and actions. Jackie Robinson did not reply with his words, he showed his talent to all the people. When Jackie Robinson walked into the tunnels during the games with Phillies, he started to crush his bat and shouted out his voice dissatisfied. He was ireful and wanted to smashed his bat to the head of the Ben Chapman. Branch Rickey showed up, Jackie asked Rickey if he knows what that likes. Branch Rickey replied: You are the one, living the sermons, in the wildness, spent forty days, all of it, only you. (Film 42) Jackie said he could not do anything on that, Rickey said: Of course you can it, you can get out there and hit, you can get on the base and score, you can win this game for us, we need you, everybody need you, you are medicine, (Film 42) If Jackie chose to fight against Chapman, people will not say that Chapman forced him to, people will th ink he is not belong to here. So Branch Rickey helped Jackie to soothe his emotions. Rickey knew that how much pressure Jackie had, and the abuse Jackie suffered, the only thing Rickey can do was to encourage Jackie, helped him to get respect from others. Jackie picked the confident again and walked on the field to batter, when Chapman tried to interfere Jackie with racist words again. Jackies teammate stood up and walked in front of Ben Chapman to let Chapman shut up. Jackies teammates started to stand up, they began to accept Jackie because of the patience of Jackie. Jackie used his action to showed that he is a great player, he scored for Dodgers to win the game. After the game against Phillies, most people thought that Ben Chapman overdid it. As Branch Rickey said: Sympathy. Its a Greek word, means to suffer. I suffer with you. That Phillipida manger, hes doing me a service. Hes creating sympathy on Jackies behalf. And phillipida is also from Greek, it means brotherhood (Film 42) Many people changed their minds on Jackie Robinson and the teammates also accept Jackie. Near the end of the regular season, Dodgers were taking on Cincinnati Reds. Cincinnati fans were giving Robinson a particularly tough time as the Dodgers took the field in the bottom of the first. However, this time, the captain of team, white player Pee Wee Reese came up and put his arms on Jackies shoulder. It silence the crowd because Pee Wee was from that area and he was a all-star player. Pee Wee said to Jackie: We are just here to play ball, I got family over there, I will let them know, know who I am. Maybe tomorrow we all wear 42, so they wont tell us apart. It was so hard to image that the captain, one of the best players in the team, a white man standed up for a black player at that time, in front of his family, in front of his people, to show the fans that the team will support Jackie. Jackie Robinson was the first African American baseball player which played in Major League Baseball, he broke the boundary of the baseball, he is a hero. Many people changed their attitudes from disdain, rude to support and love due Jackies talent and patient .Every teams in MLB retired Jackies number 42 on 1997. He was the first pro athlete in any sport to be so honored, also MLB adopted a new tration, Jackie Robinsons Day on April 15, started in 2004, every player needed to wear number 42 on every team to honor Jackie Robinson.

Motivation in the Workplace Free Essays

Motivation and the Workplace What is motivation? According to Schermerhorn, â€Å"Motivation is an internal force that accounts for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work,† (116). What do level, direction, and persistence refer to? Level is â€Å"the amount of effort a person puts forth,† direction is â€Å"an individual’s choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives,† and persistence which is â€Å"the length of time a person sticks with a given action,† (Schermerhorn, 102). When we look into motivation theories we see that there are content theories and process theories. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation in the Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now We find that content theories â€Å"focus primarily on individual needs-physiological or psychological deficiencies that we feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate,† (Schermerhorn, 102). Process theories â€Å"focus on how cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior,† (Schermerhorn, 102). These theories bring us functional self-awareness to different theories where we are able to â€Å"identify their key management implications,† (Schermerhorn, 102). We start with ‘Needs Theories of Motivation’ which are content theories that â€Å"suggest that motivation results from our attempts to satisfy important needs,† (Schermerhorn, 103). One part of the ‘Needs Theories of Motivation’ is the acquired needs theory which consists of the need for achievement (nAch), â€Å"the desire to do something better or more efficiently, to solve problems, or to master complex tasks,†(Schermerhorn, 104); the need for affiliation (nAff), â€Å"the desire to establish and maintain friendly and warm relations with others,† (Schermerhorn, 105); and the need for power (nPower), â€Å"the desire to control others, to influence their behavior, or to be responsible for others,† (Schermerhorn, 105). These needs are something found in the workplace, someone with the need for achievement is someone who likes to be challenged and loves to receive what feedback they can get. Someone with the need for affiliation is someone who likes to be able to communicate and have social relationships and someone with the need for power wants attention and people to answer to them. â€Å"These three needs are acquired†¦ [and] believed it may be possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in various types of jobs,† (Schermerhorn, 105). Another part of the ‘Needs Theories of Motivation’ is the two-factor theory â€Å"also known as the motivator-hygiene theory,† (Schermerhorn, 106). This theory consists of hygiene factors, â€Å"sources of job dissatisfaction, and they are found in the job context or work setting,† (Schermerhorn, 106) and the motivator factors, â€Å"sources of job satisfaction,† (Schermerhorn, 106). According to Schermerhorn, the hygiene factors or job dissatisfactions are things like organizational policies, quality of supervision, working conditions, relationships with co-workers, status and security, and base wage or salary (106). The motivator factors or job satisfaction are things like achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth (106). According to Herzberg, â€Å"If you want people to do a good job, give them a good job to do,† (Schermerhorn, 107). We now move onto the ‘Equity Theory of Motivation’ which â€Å"argues that any perceived inequity becomes a motivating state of mind,† (Schermerhorn, 107). Procedural Justice â€Å"is the degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied,† (Schermerhorn, 109); Distributive Justice â€Å"is the degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, age, or any other demographic characteristic,† (Schermerhorn, 109); Interactional Justice â€Å"is the degree to which the people affected by a decision are treated with dignity and respect,† (Schermerhorn, 109); and Commutative Justice â€Å"is the degree to which exchanges and transactions among parties is considered free and fair,† (Schermerhorn, 109). Do we need motivation in our workplace? Are we able to really see the effort people will put forth or the choices people will decide to use or how long people will work on something? We are able to see how to determine if someone is in need of achievement, affiliation, and power. We are also abl e to understand job dissatisfactions and satisfactions, and how people view what’s going on in their workplaces. Works Cited Schermerhorn Jr, J. R. , Osborn, R. N. , Uhl-Bien, M. , Hunt, J. G. (2012). Organizational behavior. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc How to cite Motivation in the Workplace, Essay examples Motivation in The Workplace Free Essays Bonus pay can be defined as a payment In Dalton to an employee’s base salary or hourly wage. Bonus pay is normally used to reward employees for a job well done, but it can be used to improve employee morale, productivity and motivation as well. Bonus’s usually work best in an environment where the job greatly depends on an employee or employees to accomplish a goal with high effectiveness. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation in The Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now With bonus payments, there is a significant advantage. Offering a cash amount to employees who complete a specific goal can offer Incentive. It also expresses a sign of appreciation awards an employee(s). This can then motivate en employee to continue working hard to achieve another bonus payment. There are disadvantages to bonus payments, such as a high cost for the company. Giving out bonus payments yearly, during holidays or at other times, must be calculated to figure out how many employees a company can afford to give a bonus to. Another drawback to bonus payments Is having to pay taxes. A bonus Is added to your yearly Income, meaning a large bonus means higher taxes. Commissions Commission payments are an amount of money, whether it be a percentage or a flat ate, paid to an employee after completing a task, such as selling a product. Commission may be paid in addition to a salary or Instead of a salary. Commission works best in a retail sales business. Real estate is a good example. In retail sales, commission pay can encourage an employee to put 100% effort into a sale. When a worker Is offered commission pay, whether It’s In addition to a salary or not, it offers the employee a high paying opportunity, as the number or sales they make effect their pay. By paying commission It also allows the company to weed out those who are not able to succeed at the job. If an employee cannot earn enough by commission pay, the company is then left with only the top earners, who clearly succeed at their jobs. A fluctuation in pay is considered a disadvantage. Some weeks an employee may earn a high amount, while other weeks sales may be very slow and earnings will be extremely low. This Is the largest disadvantage to commission sales. Especially If a worker Is being paid commission only – with no salary, an employee may end up working for many hours while not earning any money. Employee Stock Ownership (ESP.) Employee Stock Ownership is a program where employees accumulate shares and ay ultimately assume control of the company. These stocks can be acquired through purchase, or through bonuses. Seeps work best for large companies such as West Jet or other airlines. Sop’s can increase production and profitability, and Improve employees’ dedication and sense of ownership. When employees become owners in the company, they become more loyal and productive. Seeps also offer significant tax breaks to a company. Some disadvantages to Seeps are that an employee basically has all of their eggs in one basket, so if the company does not perform, the employee’s investment could be lost. In addition to a loss of investment, s more shares are purchased, an employee’s share becomes a smaller percentage of Gain-sharing is when a company’s employees’ performance improves, that company will share the financial gain. Gain sharing works to improve performance while eliminating wasted time, energy and materials. This way, as the employees’ performance progresses, they profit from the company’s savings from the improved performance. With gain-sharing, it focuses on rewarding only performance improvement, and payouts are self-funded from savings generated by the plan. Employees become more interested in the company’s goals. Measures are narrower Han organization-wide profit and therefore gains may be paid even though profits may be down. Gain-sharing also requires that management openly shares information about performance, therefore a participative management style works best. Gain-sharing works best in a work place that focuses on groups rather than individual accomplishments. Profit-sharing Profit sharing is when the people who work for a company receive a direct share of the profits. The payouts are funded through company profits. Unlike gain-sharing, payouts are made when there is profit, performance doesn’t necessarily have to show improvement. With profit sharing employees will be focused on the company’s profitability. This motivates employees to work together for the success of the company. This in turn will allow employees to feel more committed to the company. Disadvantages of profit sharing include the fact that employees pay goes up equally, and there can be major fluctuations in smaller companies. This can then be very difficult for employees with their pay varying so much. Merit Pay Merit pay is extra pay rewarded to an employee regarding performance. If an employee succeeds at his or her Job, they are then rewarded with an additional mount of money to their regular salary. This type of financial incentive works excellent in environments where employees work independently, as each employee can then be rewarded (or not rewarded) for their performance individually. Merit pay works well at Jobs related to retail sales. Merit pay is a very good motivator for employees. It shows the direct connection between hard work and rewards. An employee can be individually rewarded according to their performance. Merit pay also increases the commitment of employees. Each person will then strive to succeed to the best of their ability because they know it will be compensated. This is very good for company profit. Employees will also be more likely to stay within a company if they feel secure within their Job. Hard work being rewarded allows an employee to feel comfortable and secure. A disadvantage to merit pay is it can be affected by outside factors. In the case of a retail sales employee, sometimes no matter how hard they work to make a sale, that person may Just not want to purchase that item. This is a factor that cannot be controlled, and affects that employee’s pay. Merit pay also can cause pressure. If an employee is constantly worried about not being able to succeed ND earn a higher paycheck through their performance, that may affect their abilities as they are stressed out. Skill-based pay Skill-based pay is when employees are paid based on their individual skill levels knowledge and acquire new skills. This is best for self – motivated employees. Being paid according to skills allows the employee to focus on career development. This means you have to continue to develop new skills and education through courses and training if you want to increase your pay. Another disadvantage of knowledge- based pay is employees may feel bitter towards one another due to difference in pay. How to cite Motivation in The Workplace, Papers

Motivation in the Workplace Free Essays

Motivation and the Workplace What is motivation? According to Schermerhorn, â€Å"Motivation is an internal force that accounts for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work,† (116). What do level, direction, and persistence refer to? Level is â€Å"the amount of effort a person puts forth,† direction is â€Å"an individual’s choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives,† and persistence which is â€Å"the length of time a person sticks with a given action,† (Schermerhorn, 102). When we look into motivation theories we see that there are content theories and process theories. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation in the Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now We find that content theories â€Å"focus primarily on individual needs-physiological or psychological deficiencies that we feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate,† (Schermerhorn, 102). Process theories â€Å"focus on how cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior,† (Schermerhorn, 102). These theories bring us functional self-awareness to different theories where we are able to â€Å"identify their key management implications,† (Schermerhorn, 102). We start with ‘Needs Theories of Motivation’ which are content theories that â€Å"suggest that motivation results from our attempts to satisfy important needs,† (Schermerhorn, 103). One part of the ‘Needs Theories of Motivation’ is the acquired needs theory which consists of the need for achievement (nAch), â€Å"the desire to do something better or more efficiently, to solve problems, or to master complex tasks,†(Schermerhorn, 104); the need for affiliation (nAff), â€Å"the desire to establish and maintain friendly and warm relations with others,† (Schermerhorn, 105); and the need for power (nPower), â€Å"the desire to control others, to influence their behavior, or to be responsible for others,† (Schermerhorn, 105). These needs are something found in the workplace, someone with the need for achievement is someone who likes to be challenged and loves to receive what feedback they can get. Someone with the need for affiliation is someone who likes to be able to communicate and have social relationships and someone with the need for power wants attention and people to answer to them. â€Å"These three needs are acquired†¦ [and] believed it may be possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in various types of jobs,† (Schermerhorn, 105). Another part of the ‘Needs Theories of Motivation’ is the two-factor theory â€Å"also known as the motivator-hygiene theory,† (Schermerhorn, 106). This theory consists of hygiene factors, â€Å"sources of job dissatisfaction, and they are found in the job context or work setting,† (Schermerhorn, 106) and the motivator factors, â€Å"sources of job satisfaction,† (Schermerhorn, 106). According to Schermerhorn, the hygiene factors or job dissatisfactions are things like organizational policies, quality of supervision, working conditions, relationships with co-workers, status and security, and base wage or salary (106). The motivator factors or job satisfaction are things like achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth (106). According to Herzberg, â€Å"If you want people to do a good job, give them a good job to do,† (Schermerhorn, 107). We now move onto the ‘Equity Theory of Motivation’ which â€Å"argues that any perceived inequity becomes a motivating state of mind,† (Schermerhorn, 107). Procedural Justice â€Å"is the degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied,† (Schermerhorn, 109); Distributive Justice â€Å"is the degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, age, or any other demographic characteristic,† (Schermerhorn, 109); Interactional Justice â€Å"is the degree to which the people affected by a decision are treated with dignity and respect,† (Schermerhorn, 109); and Commutative Justice â€Å"is the degree to which exchanges and transactions among parties is considered free and fair,† (Schermerhorn, 109). Do we need motivation in our workplace? Are we able to really see the effort people will put forth or the choices people will decide to use or how long people will work on something? We are able to see how to determine if someone is in need of achievement, affiliation, and power. We are also abl e to understand job dissatisfactions and satisfactions, and how people view what’s going on in their workplaces. Works Cited Schermerhorn Jr, J. R. , Osborn, R. N. , Uhl-Bien, M. , Hunt, J. G. (2012). Organizational behavior. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc How to cite Motivation in the Workplace, Essay examples Motivation in The Workplace Free Essays Bonus pay can be defined as a payment In Dalton to an employee’s base salary or hourly wage. Bonus pay is normally used to reward employees for a job well done, but it can be used to improve employee morale, productivity and motivation as well. Bonus’s usually work best in an environment where the job greatly depends on an employee or employees to accomplish a goal with high effectiveness. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation in The Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now With bonus payments, there is a significant advantage. Offering a cash amount to employees who complete a specific goal can offer Incentive. It also expresses a sign of appreciation awards an employee(s). This can then motivate en employee to continue working hard to achieve another bonus payment. There are disadvantages to bonus payments, such as a high cost for the company. Giving out bonus payments yearly, during holidays or at other times, must be calculated to figure out how many employees a company can afford to give a bonus to. Another drawback to bonus payments Is having to pay taxes. A bonus Is added to your yearly Income, meaning a large bonus means higher taxes. Commissions Commission payments are an amount of money, whether it be a percentage or a flat ate, paid to an employee after completing a task, such as selling a product. Commission may be paid in addition to a salary or Instead of a salary. Commission works best in a retail sales business. Real estate is a good example. In retail sales, commission pay can encourage an employee to put 100% effort into a sale. When a worker Is offered commission pay, whether It’s In addition to a salary or not, it offers the employee a high paying opportunity, as the number or sales they make effect their pay. By paying commission It also allows the company to weed out those who are not able to succeed at the job. If an employee cannot earn enough by commission pay, the company is then left with only the top earners, who clearly succeed at their jobs. A fluctuation in pay is considered a disadvantage. Some weeks an employee may earn a high amount, while other weeks sales may be very slow and earnings will be extremely low. This Is the largest disadvantage to commission sales. Especially If a worker Is being paid commission only – with no salary, an employee may end up working for many hours while not earning any money. Employee Stock Ownership (ESP.) Employee Stock Ownership is a program where employees accumulate shares and ay ultimately assume control of the company. These stocks can be acquired through purchase, or through bonuses. Seeps work best for large companies such as West Jet or other airlines. Sop’s can increase production and profitability, and Improve employees’ dedication and sense of ownership. When employees become owners in the company, they become more loyal and productive. Seeps also offer significant tax breaks to a company. Some disadvantages to Seeps are that an employee basically has all of their eggs in one basket, so if the company does not perform, the employee’s investment could be lost. In addition to a loss of investment, s more shares are purchased, an employee’s share becomes a smaller percentage of Gain-sharing is when a company’s employees’ performance improves, that company will share the financial gain. Gain sharing works to improve performance while eliminating wasted time, energy and materials. This way, as the employees’ performance progresses, they profit from the company’s savings from the improved performance. With gain-sharing, it focuses on rewarding only performance improvement, and payouts are self-funded from savings generated by the plan. Employees become more interested in the company’s goals. Measures are narrower Han organization-wide profit and therefore gains may be paid even though profits may be down. Gain-sharing also requires that management openly shares information about performance, therefore a participative management style works best. Gain-sharing works best in a work place that focuses on groups rather than individual accomplishments. Profit-sharing Profit sharing is when the people who work for a company receive a direct share of the profits. The payouts are funded through company profits. Unlike gain-sharing, payouts are made when there is profit, performance doesn’t necessarily have to show improvement. With profit sharing employees will be focused on the company’s profitability. This motivates employees to work together for the success of the company. This in turn will allow employees to feel more committed to the company. Disadvantages of profit sharing include the fact that employees pay goes up equally, and there can be major fluctuations in smaller companies. This can then be very difficult for employees with their pay varying so much. Merit Pay Merit pay is extra pay rewarded to an employee regarding performance. If an employee succeeds at his or her Job, they are then rewarded with an additional mount of money to their regular salary. This type of financial incentive works excellent in environments where employees work independently, as each employee can then be rewarded (or not rewarded) for their performance individually. Merit pay works well at Jobs related to retail sales. Merit pay is a very good motivator for employees. It shows the direct connection between hard work and rewards. An employee can be individually rewarded according to their performance. Merit pay also increases the commitment of employees. Each person will then strive to succeed to the best of their ability because they know it will be compensated. This is very good for company profit. Employees will also be more likely to stay within a company if they feel secure within their Job. Hard work being rewarded allows an employee to feel comfortable and secure. A disadvantage to merit pay is it can be affected by outside factors. In the case of a retail sales employee, sometimes no matter how hard they work to make a sale, that person may Just not want to purchase that item. This is a factor that cannot be controlled, and affects that employee’s pay. Merit pay also can cause pressure. If an employee is constantly worried about not being able to succeed ND earn a higher paycheck through their performance, that may affect their abilities as they are stressed out. Skill-based pay Skill-based pay is when employees are paid based on their individual skill levels knowledge and acquire new skills. This is best for self – motivated employees. Being paid according to skills allows the employee to focus on career development. This means you have to continue to develop new skills and education through courses and training if you want to increase your pay. Another disadvantage of knowledge- based pay is employees may feel bitter towards one another due to difference in pay. How to cite Motivation in The Workplace, Papers

Civil Rights Movement vs Black Panthers Essay Example For Students

Civil Rights Movement vs Black Panthers Essay The Civil Rights Movement vs. The Black Liberation Movement On The Duty of Civil Disobedience, written by Henry David Thoreau, explains that civil disobedience is the act of standing for your beliefs even though they are against the law. Thoreau goes on to say that the government (because it is ruled by the majority) is not always right for everyone especially the individual and the minority. Over the course of American history, there have been many different groups formed for the purpose of civil disobedience. The two that I am going to focus on are the activists of the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Panthers of the Black Liberation Movement. The Civil Rights Movement began in 1954 with the case of Brown vs. the Board of Education. It was basically lead by Martin Luther King Jr. whose teachings were of peaceful protesting and boycotting in order to achieve the goals of integration and equality for Black Americans (Small). The Black Liberation Movement started a few years later in 1960 and was later taken over and popularized by the Black Panthers in 1966. The basis of this movement was not just black equality but also black independence by any and every means necessary. The Panthers wanted blacks to be in control of their own neighborhoods (Acoli). These two protest movements had similar but at the same time very different platforms. The difference their effectiveness was caused by the difference in the techniques. The similarities in the two programs would be the things that they did for the community. Even though the Panthers were more violent in their ways they still had a positive message to send out. Both the Civil Rights movement and the Black Liberation movement were meant to uplift the black people in America. They were both very community based, but they just felt differently about the techniques needed to help their people (Burroughs). The Civil Rights Movement was a much more peaceful protest than the Black Liberation Movement because people like Martin Luther King were at the fore front in the fight for black civil rights. The purpose if this movement was to gain equality for Black Americans. The activists of the Civil Rights Movement were protesting for things like the integration of schools and other public places, and equal rights under the law. Martin Luther King was striving for his people to be seen and treated as equals to their white counterparts. The protest would mostly consist of sit-ins, marching, and boycotting. The activists of this movement preached non-violence and peaceful protest. For example, during many sit-ins the police would get involved. Usually this meant violence, but not by the civil rights activists who were taught not to retaliate. The protestors would take brutal beatings and do nothing in return (Small). On the other hand is the Black Liberation movement, which was headed by the Black Panthers. This movement leaned more towards black separation in order to form their own equal communities. The Panthers believed that Black Americans would never be equals in a white world and therefore they must form their own. Not only did the Black Liberation Movement believe in separation, they also believed that aggression was needed to reach this goal. In the official Black Panther Party Platform and Program the Second Amendment, which is the right to bear arms, is used to justify why the Panther Party always carried guns. The Platform even used the preamble to the Declaration of Independence as part of their argument. The end their official Platform with, When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, (Oberlin.edu). .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 , .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 .postImageUrl , .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 , .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0:hover , .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0:visited , .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0:active { border:0!important; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0:active , .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0 .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0152e99fb7d36076b99b8ad3ab04cca0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Physician-assisted Suicide Essay Paper This was the Black Panthers main goal, to separate from White Americans, and did not feel that passive behavior was effective. The Panthers thought that if violence was used to try and stop their cause than violence was needed to keep their cause going. Some of the major beliefs and techniques of the Panther party were self-defense, which for them meant being heavily armed at all times; mass organization, which meant serving the people; and using propaganda, which meant spreading their message through .

Renaissance Art Research Paper Essay Example

Renaissance Art Research Paper Essay Renaissance art was born in the second half of the fourteenth century and continued to develop throughout the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, gradually covering one after another, all the countries of Europe. Renaissance art reflected the specific nature of the transitional epoch. Renaissance, which was closely linked to Florence and its society, is undoubtedly one of the most exciting in the history of Western civilization. It not only showed the world a whole galaxy of artists and humanist thinkers, but still contributes to the development of scientific thought, the formation of high culture, and is a great teacher of the beautiful. Formation of a new culture has become a matter primarily humanistic intellectuals, in their origin and social status rather motley and heterogeneous. Ideas, put forward by humanists, were difficult to characterize as â€Å"bourgeois† or â€Å"early bourgeois.† In the culture of the Italian Renaissance there was founded the nucleus of a new outlook, the specific features that defined Renaissance. It was generated by the new demands of life itself, as humanists eagerly sought achieving higher levels of education for a sufficiently wide section of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance Art Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance Art Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance Art Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The origin of prerequisites of the new humanistic outlook is more specifically associated with progressive tendencies in the development of spiritual culture of Europe 12-13 centuries. Urban non-church schools and founded on their basis universities became the focus of secular knowledge, reflecting the needs of social development. In the early Renaissance, the question began to arise of how secular or public art should be, how anthropocentric, what was the man’s place in it. Skillful brush, complex composition, perspective (three-dimensional painting), color, light, radiance, light and shadow, emotion and thoroughness in the work these were the main characteristics of Renaissance art. Mythological and biblical characters were central to the artists of the period. The human body was the main source of inspiration and the object of study in the art of the Renaissance. Similarity with reality has reached such an extent that the characters depicted in the works, seemed alive unlike presented by the art of the twentieth century, where, for example, in a painting by Georges Seurat people are more like fossils. For artists and scientists the human body was an infinite source. They constantly improve their knowledge and skills by studying the human body. Physical perfection reflected the prevailing view then, that man was created in the image and likeness of God. The gods were really personified and depicted as people with features that were inherent in a person, unlike the works of art of the Middle Ages. College students seeking to prepare a decent research proposal should use free example renaissance art research paper. These free sample can be a great source of relevant data if written properly. Are you looking for a top-notch custom research paper on Renaissance Art topics? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form: Please, feel free to visit us at EssayLib.com and learn more about our service!

America in the 20th Century essays

America in the 20th Century essays The Spanish-American War led America into the modern era. When President Teddy Roosevelt left the White House to lead the charge on San Juan Hill, it was a dramatic moment. The Spanish American War victory gave America possession of Cuba, the Philippines, Panama and the Virgin Islands. Once in control of Panama, the Americans began to build their canal. It took about ten years to build, but it was worth it because they got much money from the canal traffic. After Woodrow Wilson became President, war broke out in Europe. They called it World War I at the time. America immediately joined in and helped the Allies defeat the Axis powers. The incredible economic benefits of the war effort led America into the Roaring 20s. President Calvin Coolidge presided over a decade of peace in America. He was defeated in 1928 by Republican Herbert Hoover, who immediately ended the prosperity and caused the Great Depression. The Stock Market Crash of 1928 was a very sad event which led to the closing of all stocks and banks. Americans knew it was time to elect a bold leader. Franklin David Roosevelt, or FDR, was America's savior. Elected in 1933, Roosevelt quickly institued various reforms to help stimulate the sagging economy. For example, he made Social Security that helped old people get money after they retired. He also instituted IRS, or Internal Revenue Service. What really stimulated the economy, ironically, was World War II. At first we didn't want to join the war, but Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in 1942 so we had very little choice. FDR called it "a day which will live in infomy." With General Dwight D. Eisenhower in command of the allied Forces, we were able to launch a surprise on D-Day, which was so named because of Eisenhower's initials. Swiftly winning the war, Americans entered the 50s. The 50s were an era of Rock n Roll. Elvis Pressly, a famous rock star, became popular among teenage girls. There was great p...

My Religion Lab Assignment 4, Thirteen Principles of Faith

My Religion Lab 4, Thirteen Principles of Faith - Assignment Example The second principle listed above pertains to the unchanging nature of the Torah. The ninth principle states that the Torah will always remain unchanged. The Jewish view the Torah as the law given to them by God through his prophet Moses. The Torah should not be altered in its state as it is a divine law ordained by God. No human being has any authority over adding, subtracting or altering the Torah from its original state. Jewish faith also believes that God will not change the law by giving them another Torah. One of the strongest principles of Jewish faith establish the place of Moses as a prophet of God. The principle asserts that Moses is God’s prophet. Moreover, Jewish faith practitioners view Moses as the greatest of God’s prophet to have ever existed in the history of their faith. The supremacy of Moses is established by his role in leading the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt through God’s divine guidance. Furthermore, God gave the Torah to Moses who then passed it to the people. The Torah became God’s law and Moses God’s greatest practices. These principles affirm the fundamentals of Jewish

Canadian Politics. Topic below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Canadian Politics. Topic below - Essay Example Of course, with the introduction of the Canada Act and the accompanying Charter, much of the constitutional law in Canada has changed, as the Charter has shifted the focus of the Constitution to individual and collective rights of the inhabitants of Canada. There are many issues within and in relation to this system which are of great importance and significance. The principle of parliamentary supremacy within the Canadian constitutional system, for instance, is one of these matters, and is in fact considered as being one of the most major and relevant of all. The aim of this paper is to discuss the actual principle of parliamentary supremacy within the Canadian constitutional system, the basic history of the constitutional system itself, as well as any and all other key and related issues. By doing this, we will be able to gain a much more informed and knowledgeable understanding in regards to this subject matter overall. This is what will be dissertated in the following. A country’s constitution is what defines the powers and the limits of powers that can be exercised by the different levels and branches of government, and although there is actually no single constitution in Canadian law, the Constitution Act – a part of the Canada Act of 1982 – finally ‘patriated’ or brought home from Great Britain that of Canada’s constitution as created by the BNA Act. â€Å"The Constitution Act declares the Constitution of Canada to be the supreme law of Canada and includes some 30 acts and orders that are part of it. It reaffirms Canada’s dual legal system by stating provinces have exclusive jurisdiction over property and civil rights. It also includes Aboriginal rights, those related to the historical occupancy and use of the land by Aboriginal peoples, treaty rights, agreements between the Crown and particular groups of Aboriginal people† (Department of Justice Canada, 2007). The Canadian Constitution set s out the basic and most definable principles of

Corruption In Health Care

Corruption In Health Care Our optimism is derived not from theory but from our day-to-day work, which ranges from health policy leadership roles to the management of an academic integrated delivery system to hands-on patient care. From this work, we have a frontline view of the good that an organization can produce, but also the inefficiency, missed opportunities, confusion, and occasional harm that cycles the working of a health care organization [2]. While working for a long year within a government organization in the country of India, I came across many wrongs that I could lay account for, which are quite evidently the root cause for poor healthcare within India. Corruption the taboo that infests Indian mainstream medicine, from the physicians to the lowly staff fall prey to this unethical practice. Her life and death expectancy are not measured through the seriousness of the patients health but the way in which he can satisfy the insatiable corruption around. The biggest killer in India today is not the mosquito, population, poverty, not tobacco, and certainly not the polio bacterium despite the disproportionate effort spent on eradicating it, it is corruption. To make it sound more technical and acceptable to the medical profession perhaps we need to label it. Coruptionoma, which may in the future lead to a global epidemic threat [1]. Today in India where scientist claim to have sent men to the moon polio is still common in existence, somewhere a child dies every minute of every day from diarrhea or due to lack of basic care and every 6 minutes a woman dies from pregnancy related causes (official GoI figures). Infant female feticide is increasingly observed in wealthier districts with high literacy rates. Road traffic accidents in Delhi and Mumbai alone are of epidemic proportions. It is a myth that high technology and costly medicine are the best ways to treat a patient and bring health reforms, it is easily achievable through age old ways readily available then why are the above problems not catered to and still spreading at an alarming rate? It is the disease of corruption that makes managing a health practice impossible. 2. CORRUPTION in Health Care While working as a resident medical officer at a government hospital in India I faced innumerous issues in the management but the issue that was commonly causing chaos is corruption. Corruption comes evident in various forms and puts the whole effort of providing good service or trying to salvage the oath taken in service of our patients. The things I have personally experienced working in an Indian public hospital for over a period of one year is that the life expectancy of a person depends on the financial background of the person. The fact that women in labor die due to late arrival of ambulances and un operational equipments Adulterated drugs proliferate because high level politicians who encourage or protect the people who sell them. Doctors dont attend place of work despite drawing a wage from the Government. Large amount of medicine wasting before reaching the point of use. Unwillingness amongst underpaid staff who either sit on months of strike for their appraisals or either find under table ways of moving their files. Unavailability of clean water and hygienic environments resulting in filthy hospitals due to lack of accountability and supervision. Issuing of licenses to service providers and manufacturers who are incapable but willing to pay high bribes. Negligence in documentations in departments and usage of illegal means to alter information for self benefit. Power breakdowns compromise the safety of hospitals due to surging charges and lack of government help. Officials elected for the purpose of recuperating the health conditions neglect their sole purpose are busy catering to their political scandals and filling their pockets by the power of their seat. Unnecessary drug prescribing by doctors making practice a means of advertisement for scrupulous pharmaceutical companies. Under the desk payments demanded from patients by everyone for the watchman to the doctor. Buildings constructed at inappropriate sites to please politicians and others, discouraging proper use. Staff wanting to make their private practices look more efficient than the public sector caters to theft and sabotage of instruments. Favoritism and relational influences give opportunities to the undeserving candidates for higher post and even educational sponsorships. Loved ones are made to pay bribes to provide loved ones with immediate medical care due to unethical working standards. [[1], edited based on true personal experience] Corruption In Its Various Forms 3. FINANCIAL Management Corruption Corruption is seen in every aspect of healthcare mainly financial management of the organization. In a recent report in an Indian daily Indians pay bribes worth Rs 2,728 cr (equivalent to approximately US$570m annually), the report finds that the public sectors surveyed the health and education sectors were the most corrupt [2]. Factors contributing to financial corruption: Low Wages for Public servants Low Wages, Poor patterns of incentives and bad working environment relates to the capacity of an organization to attract and retain honest, skilled and motivated staff in a long term similarly, low wages in the public sector are likely to attract less qualified, poorly motivated and potentially disloyal staff, resulting in an opaque, inefficient and potentially corrupt staff. Informal fees Of course, like unofficial fees, are not official nevertheless, developed like more of a practice. The underpaid officials and underlying poverty influence the practitioners to fill their pockets by unofficial fees [5]. In my experience Low wages is a greater public tolerance for corrupt practices when the worker incomes are insufficient for living the working environment is intolerable with bleak chances of improvement due to the already existent corruption at the political and higher regions [4]. The existent salaries perceived as unfair in comparison to private sector salaries. Thus subsistence strategy or survival technique that compensate for inequitable working conditions and hardships faced economically make the demanding of under counter money or accepting bribes for poorly paid staff. Illiteracy amongst masses The common story amongst people of developing nations is the lack of knowledge and self righteousness. Though the government acts in favor of free medical camps and health coverage the poor due to their lack of awareness fall prey to corruption where they pay for the rights freely available to them at public hospitals. Free vaccinations for polio, medical camps in rural areas and treatments for HIV/AIDS, tuberculoses, cancer and movements to eradicate malaria have been readily undertaken by the government, but illiteracy amongst the rural and lower sectors (i.e. working class) leads to corruption and future diminishing health conditions. Lack of funds The public hospitals rely on government funds or fund raising events which hardly keep pace with the fast growing health sector. The increase in technology has levied a burden on the feeless hospital where the promised care cannot be delivered due to aging population and increasing diseases. The only way in which the organization avoids complete shutdown is by compromising in the health care by using obsolete technology and unmaintained hospitals with inexperienced staff working in unhygienic conditions. Leading to lesser scope of modernization or remodeling facilities to provide better health care. This situation also provokes the organizations to remove their staff for balancing their financial need causing a setback in the prosperity of the nation. 4. How can the financial management corruption be dealt with? Changes in accounting systems Health systems require clear and simple accounting and procurement standards based on legal framework that encourages transparency participation and due timeliness. An effective supervision and auditing systems is essential in improving the over sightedness that is the root cause to loop holes in an organization and ensure effective enforcement of rules that punish misconduct. Budget transparency Transparency accounts for practices and expenditures to be open to public and legislative involving scrutiny and that civil society at all stages of budget formulation, execution and reporting [8]. Budget transparency requires an information system that produces timely, reliable and accurate information in order to hold public officials accountable for the use of allocated resources. Decentralization Decentralization is a favored strategy with a view to enabling broader public participation and improves technical as well as allocation efficiency, involving public in the decision marketing process and enhancing the responsiveness of the health system. Research indicates that in poorer countries, higher fiscal decentralization is associated with lower mortality rates and improved health outcomes even in high corruption environments [9]. Privatization in health sector The lack of accountability arises when institutions are weak public funds is low, privatization of health services can be seen as an alternative method of improving the quality and effectiveness of health services. Privatization limits the powers of the public officials and thus their opportunities of influencing bribery and corruption. Monitoring the quality, reliability and cost-effectiveness of private care and treatments, ensures access to quality health services to the needy and also prevents abuse of the resources. Managing the rates of medicines in private by the displaced informal payments would make a mere difference in public and private care. Resource management Tracking the supply demand chain and eliminating the middle men who add to the price of medicines and also influence illegal bribery. Encouraging the tracking the level of stock and recording the expiry of medicines which may harm the patients health. Keeping distributions flow constant and eliminating the unused and outdated stock rather than black marketing supplies for personal gain. 5. Drug Management Corruption The corruption in drug management affects the price, availability and quality of drugs, undermining safe and affordable access to essential medicine in many developing countries mainly India. Due to the complexity, in the opaque system of health services influenced by large flows of money involved, forge fraud and corruption at all points of the organizational chain, from the registration at hospitals to the admissions and selection of medical treatment and distribution to the promotion of medicines. This is likely to have a long term impact on health and economic outcomes especially the health census of a developing nation [3]. The factors influencing drug corruption Availability The drug procurement and pharmaceutical expenditure constitute a large part of the health care budget after salary expenditure. More than 20 to 50 % of the funds are promised for making drug available at affordable prices and thus indicating a growth in health care standards. [6] Corruption in procurement and distribution of pharmaceutical and medical supplies reduces access to essential medicines; doctors prescribe medicines on basis of the cut they are offered by the pharmaceuticals. The vulnerable groups thus fall victim to shortage of the facilities and healthcare. Inadequate provision of drug and medical supplies has a direct bearing on the performance of the organization. Registrations and legalities The market approval of the production and distribution sector is highly influenced on the bribes that the companies offer to pay than the adequacy neither capability of the company nor the potency of the drug. It is a regulatory decision of the political bodies concerning the health sector to allow a medicine to be marketed in a given country. Compliance with regulations elongates the period of drug licensing, accreditation and approvals can prove costly for pharmaceutical companies wanting to launch a new product. Some of them may try to bribe or influence the regulator simply to speed up the approval process. The middle chain of distribution elongates and also becomes costlier by the amount of unofficial money associated with the drug release of drug release or distribution this can also affect the setting of user fees for drug registration, which are often set well below true cost [6]. Pharmacies and drug stores also require due registration and licensing. The process of licensing pharmacies for operation is corrupted by bribes, favoring kin or political contacts of government agents, geographic inequities, and facilities that do not follow government regulations. As with the registration process the responsible national experts receive compensation from pharmaceutical companies that influence their statistics and thus influencing wrong judgments. Drug Selection The selection of essential medicines in a given country needs to use defined criteria and consultative and transparent process. The inclusion of any pharmaceutical on the list of nations essential medicines is influenced by means of bribery gain due to the opacity in the selection process [8]. Interested parties may also bribe the committee responsible for deciding which products are reimbursed through government social insurance programs. Procurement and lack of skill Providing health facilities with drug and medical supplies is a very complex process. This involves a large variety of members interacting between the private and public sectors. Governments health officials lack the managerial skills required to specify technical details, supervise bidding and monitoring the already active contracts and trail their legal fulfillment. Corruption can occur at any stage of the process influence decisions on the model of procurement rather than competitive bidding, on the type and volume of procured supplies rather than the demand enlisted, and on specifications and selection criteria hence compromising access to essential medicines and hampering their quality endangering lives of the poor who are the most vulnerable victims to corruption. In a context where quality controls are difficult to exercise, an increasing lack of funds results in corruption where officials sell low quality, expired, counterfeit and harmful drugs at cheaper prices. Corrupt procurement officers also purchase sub-standard drugs in place of quality medicines pocketing the difference. Unmonitored systems and lack of official records Falling short of finance the systems are obsolete and poorly monitored, record-keeping is ineffective hence the accounting mechanisms make it an easy opportunity for the corrupt, theft of large quantities of drugs and medical supplies depositories and medical facilities, sale of samples for personal gain in private practices or on the black market [8]. Puppets or patients A Strategy to supplement their meager salaries doctors working for government has been increasingly allowed to open private practices Resulting to which doctors spend official time in public facilities treating private patients, or merely channeling patients to their private practice.Due to the lack of punishment the doctors are either absent or not concerned with their low salary jobs playing with the lives of their patients. 6. How can the drug management corruption be dealt with? Tracking Registration process Authorities need to ensure transparency and accountability. A formal committee responsible for registration of medicines needs to be established where the basis of selection remain technical and competitive with easily accessible terms and conditions and fixed payable fees. Training should be provided for the officials who are responsible managing records and performing registration activities. Drug selection To limit corruption in the process of drug selection practical involvement and fair practice is a must where adopting lists of essential medicines that are based on standard evidence-based treatment guidelines at national and sub-national levels. Government officials need to ensure that the selection of these essential medicines is based on transparent process with expert committee responsible for this exercise operating according to published terms of reference, whose members will be selected based on expertise, and whose decisions will be influenced by current state of scientific evidence. Improving access to medicine In order to tackle this complex problem the causes and manifestations of corruption and the ongoing in the region are too be evaluated to prevent it. Agreements to establish a working group with the industry and NGOs in order to promote transparency in the health sector based on various health standards. Procurement management The prerequisite for curtailing corruption in the procurement process consists of defining rules and guidelines that reduce discretionary powers where they are likely to be abused and to increase the probability for corrupt practices to be detected and sanctioned. Promoting transparency in the procurement process can be achieved by offering clear documentation and public access to bidding results, if possible using an electronic bidding system where interference is not possible, and involving civil society at all stages of the process. Technical assistance and to manage competitive bidding training for procurement officers can also improve standards of the government [3]. Distribution rights To reduce illegal practices at the distribution stage of medical supplies include establishing controlled inventory systems, improving record keeping providing security against robbery in repositories. Providing tools for improving drug distribution systems, including guidelines for forecasting, supply chain management and managing process flow in the distribution system. Promotion Other possible measures include banning practices of gift and sponsorship, following WHO ethical guidelines on medicines promotion [10], and promoting codes of ethics in marketing through trade and professional organizations. The practitioners should be educated against the promotional propaganda of the pharmaceutical companies. 7. summary Addressing the issue of rising health care costs is critical to the economic health of our country, and the physical health of its residents. In this situation when corruption enters the developing nations mainstream it soils the whole system from the lower working class to the managerial level. They participate in the malpractice of endangering the lives of their patients, rather than making medical supply and health services readily available? National health officials are interested in pocketing the differences they earn by under counter money and unofficial fees for items termed as free. Financial management faces corruption due to its poor accountability and inadequate supervision. The Lack of trained officials leads to unmaintained records, wastage of medical supplies and unavailability of required medicines. As a resident official in one of the busiest hospitals I observed the lack of enthusiasm amongst the working staff and also the practitioners this attitude is mainly influenced by the lack of funds, insufficient salaries and unhygienic working environments. The only alternative to satisfy their mere day to day needs , officials are forced to accept bribes and get involved in illegal activities. The drugs not for sale are robbed and distributed at private institutes or also black marketed during times of high demand. The supply is irrespective of demand. Competition in the pharmaceuticals has lead to influencing of doctors in prescribing high cost medicines for their personal benefits and gifts. The respect of human life and the oath of serving our nation with honesty has long been forgotten especially in the Indian sub continent. Lots of ways have been prescribed in books of many volumes but corruption as a disease may blame politicians, poverty and many other uncontrollable traits but the only virus for this disease is human nature and the lack of self control and honesty. The selections of political power is always in the hands of the masses then blaming our leaders and giving them opportunities is like blaming ourselves for the condition we find ourselves in. As an Indian belonging to the middle class I too have observed the corruption in our country, not done much to prevent or stop it but have done enough to encourage and kindle its existence.

Why People Commit Murder

What Triggers People to Commit Murder? Alicyn Nitsch Criminology April 17, 2013 Murder is the unlawful killing, with malice aforethought, of another human, and generally this state of mind distinguishes murder from other forms of unlawful homicide. (Wikipedia) In most countries, a person convicted of murder is typically given a long prison sentence, possibly a life sentence where permitted, and in some countries, the death penalty may be imposed for such an act. (Wikipedia) Murder has been a common crime in the United States and it has taken a lot of influence for kids and teens.  Control Key and Word – Text and Graphics.The rate of killings in the U. S. involving five or more victims — one generally accepted definition of a mass killing — represented less than 1% of all homicides 25 years ago, and still does today. (Kluger,Jeffery)Though it is difficult to have a control on such factors but a little attention of parents on their children can minimize growth of criminal nature in their kids. Education is another criterion of prevention of such criminal activities. Education makes a person to distinguish between right and wrong and makes him stable and balanced.He is thus able to withstand any kind of circumstances and develops a potential to overcome any situation. (Shipali, Sharma) Murders are committed for many different reasons. One major reason people commit murder is due to anger. People are often confronted with feelings of disappointment, frustration and anger as they interact with government officials, co-workers, family and even fellow commuters. (Greeneimer, Larry) In Anger, a person often tends to lose his senses. He loses the ability to distinguish between right and wrong. Also, the rush of adrenaline makes him to commit crime.What turns anger into action is self-control. Watching a movie showing violent acts predisposes us to act violently. Even just listening to violent rhetoric makes people more inclined to be violent. Iron ically, the same mirror neurons that make people empathic make them very vulnerable to all sorts of influences. Indeed, after many years of studies on mirror neurons and their functioning, scientists are shifting their lab research to the study of the control mechanisms in the brain for mirror neurons. The key issue is the balance of power between these control echanisms are called top-down—because they are all like executives that control from the top down to the employees—and bottom-up mechanisms, in the opposite direction, like mirror neurons. This anger could turn into something deadly such as revenge. Revenge can make a person to commit crime. When a person is not able to take revenge by direct means then he adopts indirect and unlawful means to punish his enemy. Peer influence and poor parenting skills are the reasons for easily giving up the path of honesty and truth. Signs that a person is disturbed enough to take action are quite visible.When it does happen, t he people likeliest to commit the crime fall into a drearily predictable group. They're 95% male, and 98% are black or white — not a big surprise since more than 87% of the population is made up of those two races. action itself is a sign, a desperate form of communication from a disturbed individual. Connecting with the subject, that person may have rethought some of the activity of mirror neurons toward a truly empathic behavior, rather than in the service of the deranged imitative violence leading to action. The violence shown in Televisions is also highly responsible in negatively affecting one’s mind.Kids and teenagers generally try to mimic the stunts and the violence acts shown in the TV. The violent games of video games and computer games are very famous among kids and teens. Such games and scenes shatter their innocent brain and are responsible for making them aggressive and violent. Another key note in why people commit murder is due to mental health and past experiences. According to neuropsychologist Jonathan Reed; 49. 4% had a developmental disorder in childhood, 87% had a brain injury, 85% had a history of substance abuse, 45% had a psychiatric history and 35% have had a history of abuse in childhood.Exactly what is going on in their heads can never be known and the neuropsychological factors don’t explain the trigger or situation in which the murder took place. However, it is clear that there are neurological and neurodevelopmental factors going on here, and given what we know about these in childhood and from case studies, it is unclear how much control such individuals have in a given situation. (Reed, Jonathan) So many of these people’s problems seem to stem from experiences and events in their childhoods. People are not criminals by birth.Their circumstances, needs and their upbringing make them criminals. Another big factor that criminals are brought up by is poverty. Poverty is one of the main factors for commit ting a crime. When a person is helpless with no money in hand and a huge family to support then in such cases his circumstances forces him to take up the gun in his hand. There are many terrorist associations that hire such needy people for little money and use them in their criminal acts like murders, bomb explosions, kidnapping etc. Unemployment, which is another cause of poverty, is the main cause of aggression in today’s youth.Lack of job opportunities misleads the youth to take up this direction and earn money in this way. (Shipali, Sharma) The Greed of possessing materialistic things and the intense desire to have a luxurious life by any possible means leads a person to follow this track of crime. It is a human desire to lead his life luxuriously which is sometimes not possible in the little income of a person. (Shipali, Sharma) For this reason some people look up for easy and fast methods of gaining cash and they do not even hesitate to take up the life of some other i nnocent person. It’s greed that completely weighs over their judgment.